The impact of multinational investment on alcohol consumption since the 1960s.
نویسنده
چکیده
Though much has been written about the alcohol beverages industry, little has been said about its internationalisation. This article attempts to analyse the impact of multinational enterprises (hereafter MNEs) on the availability and consumption of alcohol in the world economy in the context of the evolution of the alcoholic beverages industry since the beginning of the 1960s. 2It also gives special emphasis to the resources of the firm, and to the issues of international related diversification and branding. For that purpose, it draws on business history literature [Chandler, 1990; Jones and Morgan, 1994; Jones, 1996] and international business theory. The study is based on the evolution of the largest five MNEs in the world in 1997, in terms of sales volume Allied Domecq, Bacardi-Martini, Diageo, Moat-Hennessy Louis Vuitton and Seagram. These account for an increasingly large share of the world trade in alcoholic beverages. Because the aim of this article is to find a pattern of growth based on comparative analysis of successful firms, rather than causality relations between growth and its determinants, the sample does not include any 'control' firms, to which the behaviour of the successful MNEs of alcoholic beverages can be compared. It draws on evidence from the business archives of the MNEs, annual reports, interviews with top managers, other specialists in the industry, and secondary data. Existing statistics on consumption, trade and number of firms in the alcoholic beverages industry are not very robust, but the pattern of an increasingly concentrated industry since the 1960s is significant. For example, in 1996 a published list of the drinks companies with international activity showed a total of 2061 firms in the industry? In this period the big five MNEs account-
منابع مشابه
Macroeconomic Effects of the Terms of Trade Shocks: Evidence from OPEC
This paper evaluates the impact of the positive terms of trade (TOT) Shock on macroeconomic variables, using panel data for the six OPEC major oil exporting countries during 1989-2005. The findings indicate that the positive TOT shocks have the small and negative impact on savings and on the trade balance. Nevertheless, it has a positive impact on investment (specifically private investment) an...
متن کاملEconomic uncertainty and its impact on costs of consumption and private sector investment in the Iranian economy
The issue of uncertainty and its economic impact is one of the topics that economic researchers have considered in recent years. In conditions of uncertainty, the decision of economic units to produce, consume and invest, etc., is different from normal conditions. This study aims to determine the index of economic uncertainty for Iran according to the channels of its impact on the economy. Ther...
متن کاملThe Impact of Fiscal Policy on Macroeconomic Variables: New Evidence from a DSGE Model
The purpose of this article is to analyze the macroeconomic impacts of fiscal policy in Iran using a new-Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model. The model takes into account distortionary taxations on wage, dividend, and consumption, while government expenditures are broken down into consumption of goods and services, and investment. The model is calibrated for Iran based...
متن کاملThe Impact of Drug and Alcohol Consumption and Socio-demographic Variables on the Age of First Selling Sex among Iranian Female Sex Workers
متن کامل
The Impact of Foreign Trade on Residential Investment in Iran Economy
Countries typically use government fiscal and central bank monetary policy tools to achieve economic growth and development goals. On the other hand, due to the growing importance of international trade and interdependence of economies and also due to the importance of housing in the country's economy, this study will pay to examin the effects of monetary and fiscal policy variables and the imp...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
- Business and economic history : papers presented at the ... annual meeting of the Business History Conference. Business History Conference
دوره 28 2 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1999